Test Eye movements by having the patient track your finger as it moves in the 'square with diagonals' pattern. (Testing CN III, IV, VI).

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Six cardinal positions of gaze (indicated by diagram's arrows)



Extraocular Motor Palsies

CN III (oculomotor)
Ptosis, inability to turn the eye upward, downward or inward. At rest the eye is deviated down and temporally, exotropia.

CN IV (Trochlear)
Vertical diplopia with hypertropia and excylotorsion of the eye. Patients compensate this by adapting a head tilt toward the uninvolved side

CN VI (Abducens)
Inward deviation (esotropia) of the eye and paresis of abduction.

Ophthalmoplegia
eye palsy

Nistagmus

Oscillopsia
Illusory movement of the environment