Bowel Sounds
Normal Peristalsis
Frequency = 5 per minute.
Wide range of bubbling and gurgling sounds, loud, medium and high-pitched quality.
Evaluate: Frequency, Intensity, Pitch, Location.
Hyperperistalsis
Increased frequency, rushing sounds, coincides with cramps.
Gastric Succussion splash
Air-fluid sound, when shaking the Patient: sloshing sound (obstruction).
Borborygmi
audible bowel sounds without stethoscope.
Bruits
Aortic (Atherosclerotic aneurysm).
Renal (unilateral or bilateral).
Femoral (T-and-fro murmur, is Duroziez' sign -aortic regurgitation- best heard with diaphragm).
Hepatic (vascular tumors -RUQ-, also venous hums).
Venous abdominal
Rubs
Hepatic (neoplasm, abscesses, etc).
Splenic (abscesses, infarction, etc).